Note 3 — Chapter I · MESA LAND

Bandelier maintains that no tribe so influenced the fate of the Southwest as did the Apache. Twitchell affirms that “the word ‘Indian’ in all the laws whether Spanish or Mexican, and the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, was not intended to cover, nor to refer to any ‘Indians’ other than those living in villages ... who are invariably referred to and described as naturales and pueblos and as indios de pueblos. For the other Indians, such as the Apaches, Comanches, Utes or Navajos, the term savages—Salvajes or Indios barbaros—was always the descriptive and differentiating form of expression.”—R. E. Twitchell, Leading Facts in New Mexican History.