Note 3 — Chapter II · OF RATIOCINATION, OR SYLLOGISM.

His conclusions are, "The first figure is suited to the discovery or proof of the properties of a thing; the second to the discovery or proof of the distinctions between things; the third to the discovery or proof of instances and exceptions; the fourth to the discovery, or exclusion, of the different species of a genus." The reference of syllogisms in the last three figures to the dictum de omni et nullo is, in Lambert's opinion, strained and unnatural: to each of the three belongs, according to him, a separate axiom, co-ordinate and of equal authority with that dictum, and to which he gives the names of dictum de diverso for the second figure, dictum de exemplo for the third, and dictum de reciproco for the fourth. See part i. or Dianoiologie, chap. iv. § 229 et seqq. Mr. Bailey, (Theory of Reasoning, 2nd ed. pp. 70-74) takes a similar view of the subject.