Note p. 534 n — INDEX.

[304] Born in Maryland, 1839. Graduated at United States Naval Academy, 1860; served as midshipman in Chinese waters, 1860–1861; was in West Gulf Squadron, 1861–1864; served again in Chinese waters, 1864; became lieutenant commander in 1866; on duty at Naval Academy, 1866–1869; head of modern language department at Annapolis, 1877–1878; commander in 1884; commanded the successful Greely Relief Expedition, 1884; captain in 1888; commanded the Baltimore and settled difficulties at Valparaiso, 1891; carried Ericsson’s body to Sweden, in 1891; commanded the New York, and was made commodore and put in command of the Flying Squadron in Cuban waters, 1898; was senior officer at the destruction of Cervera’s fleet, July 3, 1898; advanced to rear admiral, 1899; retired, 1901.

[305] The new mayor was George B. McClellan, who was reëlected in 1905 for the lengthened term of four years. He broke with Tammany Hall during his second administration. In 1901 Judge William Travers Jerome was elected District Attorney along with the reform ticket. In 1905 he stood for reëlection as an independent candidate, and his victory was rightly regarded as a good sign of the growth of independence among the voters.

[306] Another event of great popular interest marked the year 1902. This was the friendly visit of Prince Henry of Prussia, which took place in February and March. The Prince came to America ostensibly to witness the launching of a new yacht built for his brother, the Emperor of Germany; but, in reality, his mission was one of courtesy and amity to the Republic. He was received with an enthusiasm not equaled, perhaps, since the visit of Kossuth in 1852. He was entertained in New York and Washington, and was especially welcomed by the large German population of St. Louis, Chicago, and Milwaukee. He won great favor everywhere by his simple dignity, and did much by his visit to further the cause of peace and international good will.

[307] The bill for putting the reciprocity convention into effect was finally passed in December, 1903; that is, at the beginning of the first session of the Fifty-eighth Congress. A treaty concluded by Secretary Hay and the Commissioner of the republic of Colombia for the purpose of securing concessions necessary to the inception of the Isthmian Canal was ratified by the Senate only after an extra session of that body had been called in March, 1903. (See § 690.)

[308] There were also many strikes in 1904, the chief of which was that of the Colorado coal mines. Much disorder was created, and the Cripple Creek region had to be placed under martial law.

[309] That is, involuntary servitude based originally upon the inability of the negroes to pay fines.

[310] Throughout 1904 and 1905, there was much changing of commissioners, the preliminary work of sanitation went slowly and not altogether successfully, and difficulty was experienced in retaining the services of skilled engineers. Nevertheless, although it was soon seen that the first estimates of time and cost were far too small, the administration kept steadily at its great task, and before long reasonable progress could be reported.

[311] Born in Cortlandt, N. Y., May 14, 1852; was admitted to the bar and took interest in state politics; filled judicial positions from 1885 to 1904; chief-justice of court of appeals (1898–1904); resigned after accepting the nomination for the presidency, and has since practiced law in New York City.

[312] The President finally gained his point in July, 1907, when the necessary treaty was ratified.

[313] See footnote 312.

[314] Representatives of the United States sat, without voting, in the international conference on Moroccan affairs held in January, 1906, at Algeciras, Spain.

[315] Arizona rejected joint-statehood.

[316] For example, the friction with Japan caused by the opposition to the presence of Japanese pupils in the public schools of San Francisco; the personal controversies of the President, particularly that with the railway magnate, Mr. E. H. Harriman, with regard to campaign contributions raised by the latter; the proceedings of the closing session of the Fifty-ninth Congress; the suits against the Standard Oil Company; the President’s speeches on commercial and financial topics; and the persistent efforts to induce him to accept a nomination for a third term.

[317] Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, 1857. Graduated at Yale, 1878; admitted to Ohio bar, practiced law, and filled minor political and legal posts; Judge of Superior Court of Ohio; Solicitor-general of United States; U. S. Circuit Judge of the Sixth Circuit (1892–1900); President of the Philippine Commission (1900–1904); first Civil Governor of the islands; Secretary of War (1904–1908); settled affairs in Cuba, 1906; made several political visits of importance in various parts of the world; elected President, November, 1908.

[318] An injunction is “a judicial process or order requiring the person to whom it is directed to do or to refrain from doing a particular thing.”—Century Dictionary.