Note 1038 — Chapter II · RETROSPECT.
Reading edition
See the very interesting collection of papers published by the Ateneo Cientifico y Literario of Madrid under the title Oligarquia y Caciquismo como la forma actual de Gobierno en España; urgencia y modo de cambiarla (Madrid, 1903).
This Caciquism is described as “a despotism a hundred times worse than that of the absolute kings” (p. 33).