Note 843 — Chapter XVIII · PROBLEMS OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY (continued 2)

Cf. Flower, "Prostitution Within the Marriage Bond," Arena, XIII, 59-73; idem, "Wellsprings of Immorality," ibid., XI, 56-70; Heinzen, The Rights of Women and the Sexual Relations, 44 ff.; Stetson, Women and Economics, 63 ff.; Caird, Morality of Marriage, 73-91, 134 ff., discussing the influence of the Reformation upon sensuality; Karl Pearson, "Socialism and Sex," in his Ethic of Free Thought, 427-46, on the alleged evil influence of Luther on the sex-relations; Bebel, Die Frau und der Sozialismus, 93 ff., taking the opposite view as to Luther, and considering the causes of the decline in the birth and marriage rates.

The traditional opinion is represented by Naumann, Christenthum und Familie, 21, 22, who believes in getting children at all hazards, relying on God to take care of them: "Es gibt auch Christen," he says, "welche sich vor Entfaltung des vollen Gottessegens in den Ehen fürchten, ganz als ob es nicht wahr wäre: was unser Gott erschaffen hat, das will er auch erhalten. In unsern Augen ist es Glaubensschwäche, wenn ein christliches Volk sich vor dem Gottessegen reicher, blühender Kinderschaaren fürchtet." On the same side see Hartmann, The Sexes Compared, 28 ff.; Pomeroy, The Ethics of Marriage, 45 ff., 94 ff. For an antidote read the able discussion of the diminishing need of child-bearing under modern conditions, by Olive Schreiner, "The Woman Question," Cosmopolitan, XXVIII, 51 ff.; and Lady Somerset, "The Welcome Child," Arena, XII, 42-49; criticised by Ussher, Neo-Malthusianism, 101 ff., 201. Cf. Wright, Practical Sociology, 68 ff.; Bertheau, Lois de la population, 299 ff., 342 ff.