Note 1034 — Chapter VIII · RISE OF ECCLESIASTICAL MARRIAGE: THE CHURCH DEVELOPS AND ADMINISTERS MATRIMONIAL LAW

In 376 "a Gallic synod excommunicated those who should refuse the ministrations of a priest on the ground of his marriage," though this need not imply that the church resisted celibacy: Kemble, Saxons, II, 441. Married priests were still allowed in the western church in 961. "The priests were enjoyned not to marry without the leave of the Pope, on which account a great disturbance took place in the diocese of Teilaw, so that it was considered best to allow matrimony to the priests."—"Brut y Twigsog.," in Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, I, 286. For England there is abundant evidence of the marriage of priests, sometimes of bishops, even as late as the twelfth century: Kemble, op. cit., II, 443 ff.; Haddan and Stubbs, op. cit., III, 19 (temp. Gregory); II, 178 (Scotland); Lea, Sacerdotal Celibacy, 147, 159 ff., 197 (concubines), 271 ff.; Theiner, op. cit., II, 183 ff.; Lingard, Hist. Anglo-Saxon Church, I, 156-62; II, 235, who thinks at first the rule of celibacy was enforced; Stubbs, Const. Hist., I, 223, 224, notes; Ellis, Int. to Domesday, I, 342 (two examples, an. 1086); especially the excellent discussion of celibacy in England by Makower, Const. Hist. Eng. Church, 212-24, where the sources are cited.