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A History of Matrimonial Institutions, Vol. 1 of 3

Note 1031 — Chapter VIII · RISE OF ECCLESIASTICAL MARRIAGE: THE CHURCH DEVELOPS AND ADMINISTERS MATRIMONIAL LAW

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Pollock and Maitland, Hist. Eng. Law, II, 383. Compare the excellent account of the canonical conception of marriage in Esmein, Le mariage en droit canonique, I, 63-92. "Enfin, le mariage étant conçu comme un remède à la concupiscence, le droit canonique sanctionnait, avec une énergie toute particulière, l'obligation du devoir conjugal, non seulement dans le forum internum, mais encore devant le forum externum. De là toute une série de règles que les canonistes du moyen âge exposaient avec une précision minutieuse et une innocente impudeur, et qu'il est parfois assez difficile de rappeler, aujourd'hui que les mœurs ont changé et que l'on n'écrit plus en latin."—Ibid., 84, cited also by Pollock and Maitland, II, 383. It is well, for instance, that the editors of the Ante-Nicene Fathers have concealed the "innocent immodesty" of Clement of Alexandria (The Instructor, c. x, ibid., II, 259 ff.; Stromata, Book III, ibid., II, 381 ff.) in the Latin version. The indecency of the Penitentials is so shocking as almost to justify Gibbon's severe epigram that in them "some sins are enumerated which innocence could not have suspected, and others which reason cannot believe."—Decline and Fall, chap. lviii, 1070. "I know of no more fatal sources of antichristian error," says Kemble of the Penitentials, "no more miserable records of the debasement and degradation of human intellect, no more frightful proofs of the absence of genuine religion."—Saxons, II, 403, 404. See the Poenitentiale Theodori, lib. i, c. ii: Haddan and Stubbs, Councils, III, 178, 179; and especially Wasserschleben's excellent collection of Bussordnungen.

The monstrous indecencies of the mediæval confessional are revealed by Bouvet, De la confession et du célibat des prêtres, 195 ff. On the other hand, a word of justification may be found in Ellis, Psychology of Sex, I, pp. viii-ix.

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