Note 242 — Chapter II · THEORY OF THE HORDE AND MOTHER-RIGHT

On totemism see McLennan, Patriarchal Theory, 206, 207, 227-29, 230-36; Studies, II, 368 ff., passim; Morgan, Ancient Society, 49 ff., who gives many facts relating to totem gentes among the American Indians and elsewhere; Wake, Marriage and Kinship, Index; Fison and Howitt, Kamilaroi and Kurnai, 40-49, 165-71, who criticise Lubbock, Origin of Civilization, 210, 338 ff., 263; Starcke, Primitive Family, 20 ff., 29 ff., passim; Tylor, Primitive Culture, I, 42, 213, 215. Westermarck, Human Marriage, chap, ix, denies that tattooing is fundamentally connected with totemism, and holds that it is a form of ornamentation to serve as a means of sexual attraction. Cf. Mucke, Horde und Familie, 77; Ploss, Das Weib, I, 94 ff.; 196 ff.; Bachofen, Mutterrecht, 335; Fraser, Totemism; idem, Golden Bough, III, 416 ff.; Crawley, Mystic Rose, 249, 398, 457, 470; Hellwald, Die mensch. Familie, 190 ff.; Fletcher, "A Study from the Omaha Tribe," Procds. A. A. A. S., XLVI, 325-34; idem, "Emblematic Use of the Tree in the Dakotan Group," ibid., XLV, 191-209; especially Kohler, Zur Urgeschichte der Ehe, 27 ff.; and Spencer and Gillen, Native Tribes of Central Australia, containing the best and fullest account of the Australian forms of the institution.