Note 566 — Chapter IV · : FRIEDRICH LIST AND THE NATIONAL SYSTEM OF POLITICAL ECONOMY

Protection was attacked by Sismondi in Nouv. Princ., Book IV, chap. 11. He considered it a fruitful source of over-production, and uttered his condemnation of the absurd desire of nations for self-sufficiency. Saint-Simon considered Protection to be the outcome of international hatred (Œuvres, vol. iii, p. 36), and commended the economists who had shown that “mankind had but one aim and that its interests were common, and consequently that each individual in his social connection must be viewed as one of a company of workers” (Lettres à un Americaine, Œuvres, vol. ii, pp. 186-187). The Saint-Simonians never touched upon the question directly, but it is quite clear that Protective rights were to have no place in the universal association of which they dreamt. According to Fourier, there was to be the completest liberty in the circulation of goods among the Phalanstères all the world over. (Cf. Bourgin, Fourier, pp. 326-329; Paris, 1905.)