Note 1 — PART 1. ON SOUND.
Reading edition
安 m. ngan, s. ön, 恩 ngun, s. un, 哀 ngái, s. é, 暗 ngán‘, s. én‘. The true sound as heard in the provinces where mandarin is spoken, is a guttural to which the English alphabet has no equivalent. NG is employed for want of a better symbol.