Note 37 — A DISSERTATION ON THE Inutility of Amputation.

It has been known long since, that this concussion, or what may be called a general contusion, is one of the principal causes of the danger arising from gunshot wounds, and more or less from those of all kinds of fire arms; but at present I do not recollect to have seen the mechanism of this effect so well explained as in this performance. The rapidity with which the air strikes, compensates what it wants in density: Those who love to reduce every thing to calculation, will be able exactly to determine this effect by the rule of proportion: Supposing on one hand, a stream of air, which has acquired, by the motion of the ball, a given velocity, and which acts upon a man with this degree of velocity; supposing on the other hand, a man falling upon a floor, likewise with a given degree of velocity, the effect will be equal, if the velocity of air, is to the man who falls, as the density of the board is to that of the air; or, more briefly, if the contusing bodies be in an inverse ratio of their densities. I am even induced to believe, that when the velocity is augmented to a certain degree, its effect is augmented in a greater proportion than its increase; or, to speak algebraically, that its effects ought to be expressed by some quality of its degrees; thus the effect of a velocity of 150 degrees, would be to the effect of a velocity of 125, not as 150 : 125 or as 6 : 5 but as the square, or perhaps some other quality of 150, to the square or the correspondent quality of 125.

There are physical reasons that induce us to believe that the case is so, and there are several observations which seem to confirm it. Those who have served in time of war, have all been witnesses of some singular instance or other of the effects of the percussion of the air; there are instances of people killed on the field, without being touched by the ball. I was told by officers, men of veracity, that at the battle of Fontanoy, a ball broke the thigh bone of a soldier in the Dutch army, without touching him; another saw a man who was rendered paralytic on one side, by a ball whizing past him. Curious observers know, that nothing so greatly fatigues an army as a high wind, even the centinels are tired, without marching; the reason is, that a high wind occasions a kind of general contusion, which of course produces weariness. I do not know but some of the effects of lightening may be imputed to the same cause. I shall add nothing to what Mr. Bilguer says concerning the effects of a contusion; he is sufficiently explicit on this head; and as I have already treated the subject pretty largely in my book termed Advice to the People, I shall only observe, that in the wounds made by musket-ball, the effect of the general concussion is not very considerable, but the danger, in such cases, proceeds from the topical contusion accompanying the wound, the small quantity of blood commonly discharged from it; and lastly, as Mr. Le Dran remarks, because the instant a man receives a gunshot wound, he is struck with a sudden dread he cannot possibly resist. There seems to me to be three reasons for this dread, of which even the wounded person himself is not altogether conscious; in the first place, the idea that gunshot wounds are dangerous; secondly, because the degree of the hurt is not known; thirdly, the instantaneous effect of the concussion, which renders a man much more susceptible of fear. There is a point of time when courage is useless. I shall beg leave, in this place, to insert a case I had from the eye-witnesses, and which demonstrates the bad effect of apprehension on wounded patients. Two officers, in the service of France, were wounded in the last campaign but one; one of them very dangerously, the other, who had been a prisoner a little time before, and had been extremely ill used, but very slightly; they were carried to the same place, and lodged in the same apartment; the first expected to die, but nevertheless recovered in a short time; the second hoped to be cured very quickly, and his wound, a superficial one in the leg, did not discover the least sign of danger. The place they were in was surprized, and they were informed they were made prisoners; the idea of what he had suffered, made so strong an impression on the latter, that he instantly found himself indisposed; the following dressing the wound appeared mortified, every remedy proved useless, and he died in a few days. Tissot.