Editorial note — Front matter

A phrase is a word-group forming an expression, but not containing a verb, as "through the house," "of the man," "before me," etc.

Coordinating conjunctions may be further classified according to their meaning: Aŭ is disjunctive, connecting alternates, and expressing separation. Kaj is copulative, expressing union. Nek is disjunctive, expressing separation and also negation. Sed is adversative, expressing opposition, contrast, or modification of a previous statement. Tamen is adversative, affirming something in spite of a previous objection or concession. Do, so, then, consequently, is argumentative, expressing a logical inference or result in a somewhat conversational manner.